Monday, July 8, 2024
HomeNature NewsA temperate Earth-sized planet with tidal heating transiting an M6 star

A temperate Earth-sized planet with tidal heating transiting an M6 star

[ad_1]

  • Gillon, M. et al. The TRAPPIST-1 JWST Group Initiative. Bull. AAS https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.afbf0205 (2020).

  • Gillon, M. Trying to find crimson worlds. Nat. Astron. 2, 344–344 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Agol, E. et al. Refining the transit-timing and photometric evaluation of TRAPPIST-1: plenty, radii, densities, dynamics, and ephemerides. Planet. Sci. J. 2, 1 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Crossfield, I. J. M. et al. A brilliant-Earth and sub-Neptune transiting the late-type M dwarf LP 791-18. Astrophys. J. 883, L16 (2019).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Spencer, J. R. et al. Io’s thermal emission from the Galileo photopolarimeter-radiometer. Science 288, 1198–1201 (2000).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Veeder, G. J., Matson, D. L., Johnson, T. V., Davies, A. G. & Blaney, D. L. The polar contribution to the warmth movement of Io. Icarus 169, 264–270 (2004).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Deck, Ok. M., Agol, E., Holman, M. J. & Nesvorný, D. TTVFast: an environment friendly and correct code for transit timing inversion issues. Astrophys. J. 787, 132 (2014).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Foreman-Mackey, D., Hogg, D. W., Lang, D. & Goodman, J. Emcee: the MCMC hammer. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 125, 306–312 (2013).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lopez, E. D. & Fortney, J. J. Understanding the mass-radius relation for sub-Neptunes: radius as a proxy for composition. Astrophys. J. 792, 1 (2014).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Aguichine, A., Mousis, O., Deleuil, M. & Marcq, E. Mass–radius relationships for irradiated ocean planets. Astrophys. J. 914, 84 (2021).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fulton, B. J. & Petigura, E. A. The California-Kepler survey. VII. Exact planet radii leveraging Gaia DR2 reveal the stellar mass dependence of the planet radius hole. Astron. J 156, 264 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cloutier, R. & Menou, Ok. Evolution of the radius valley round low-mass stars from Kepler and K2. Astron. J 159, 211 (2020).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lee, E. J. & Connors, N. J. Primordial radius hole and probably broad core mass distributions of super-earths and sub-Neptunes. Astrophys. J. 908, 32 (2021).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Owen, J. E. & Wu, Y. The evaporation valley within the Kepler planets. Astrophys. J. 847, 29 (2017).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gupta, A. & Schlichting, H. E. Sculpting the valley within the radius distribution of small exoplanets as a by-product of planet formation: the core-powered mass-loss mechanism. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 487, 24–33 (2019).

    Article 
    ADS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Owen, J. E. & Campos Estrada, B. Testing exoplanet evaporation with multitransiting methods. Mon. Not. R. Astron.Soc. 491, 5287–5297 (2020).

  • Cloutier, R. et al. A pair of TESS planets spanning the radius valley across the close by mid-M dwarf LTT 3780. Astron. J. 160, 3 (2020).

  • Kite, E. S. & Schaefer, L. Water on sizzling rocky exoplanets. Astrophys. J. 909, L22 (2021).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bower, D. J., Hakim, Ok., Sossi, P. A. & Sanan, P. Retention of water in terrestrial magma oceans and carbon-rich early atmospheres. Planet. Sci. J. 3, 93 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kopparapu, R. Ok. in Handbook of Exoplanets (eds Deeg, H. J. & Belmonte, J. A.) 2981–2993 (Springer Worldwide Publishing, 2018).

  • Turbet, M. et al. Day–evening cloud asymmetry prevents early oceans on Venus however not on Earth. Nature 598, 276–280 (2021).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Leconte, J. et al. 3D local weather modeling of close-in land planets: circulation patterns, local weather moist bistability, and habitability. Astron. Astrophys. 554, A69 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wordsworth, R. D. Atmospheric nitrogen evolution on Earth and Venus. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 447, 103–111 (2016).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Davies, J. H. & Davies, D. R. Earth’s floor warmth flux. Strong Earth 1, 5–24 (2010).

    See also  Fed up and burnt out: ‘quiet quitting’ hits academia

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Veeder, G. J. et al. Io: volcanic thermal sources and international warmth movement. Icarus 219, 701–722 (2012).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kempton, E. M.-R. et al. A framework for prioritizing the TESS planetary candidates most amenable to atmospheric characterization. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 130, 114401 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Deming, D. et al. Discovery and characterization of transiting tremendous earths utilizing an all-sky transit survey and follow-up by the James Webb Area Telescope. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 121, 952–967 (2009).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Greene, T. P. et al. Characterizing transiting exoplanet atmospheres with JWST. ApJ 817, 17 (2016).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Matsuo, T. et al. Photometric precision of a Si:As impurity band conduction mid-infrared detector and software to transit spectroscopy. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 131, 124502 (2019).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Benneke, B. et al. Water vapor and clouds on the habitable-zone sub-Neptune exoplanet K2-18b. Astrophys. J. Lett. 887, L14 (2019).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Stassun, Ok. G. et al. The revised TESS enter catalog and candidate goal checklist. Astron. J. 158, 138 (2019).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Filippazzo, J. C. et al. Basic parameters and spectral vitality distributions of younger and discipline age objects with plenty spanning the stellar to planetary regime. Astrophys. J. 810, 158 (2015).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Demory, B.-O. et al. Mass-radius relation of low and really low-mass stars revisited with the VLTI. Astron. Astrophys. 505, 205–215 (2009).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Brown, T. M. et al. Las Cumbres observatory international telescope community. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 125, 1031 (2013).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nutzman, P. & Charbonneau, D. Design concerns for a ground-based transit seek for liveable planets orbiting m dwarfs. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 120, 317–327 (2008).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gillon, M. et al. The TRAPPIST survey of southern transiting planets—I. Thirty eclipses of the ultra-short interval planet WASP-43 b. Astron. Astrophys. 542, A4 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bonfils, X. et al. in Methods and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VII Vol. 9605 96051L (Worldwide Society for Optics; Photonics, 2015).

  • Narita, N. et al. MuSCAT: a multicolor simultaneous digital camera for learning atmospheres of transiting exoplanets. J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst. 1, 045001 (2015).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Narita, N. et al. MuSCAT2: four-color simultaneous digital camera for the 1.52-m Telescopio Carlos Sánchez. J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst. 5, 015001 (2018).

    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Murray, C. A. et al. Photometry and efficiency of SPECULOOS-South. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 495, 2446–2457 (2020).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gibbs, A. et al. EDEN: sensitivity evaluation and transiting planet detection limits for close by late crimson dwarfs. Astrophys. J. 159, 169 (2020).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Benneke, B. et al. Spitzer observations affirm and rescue the habitable-zone super-earth K2-18b for future characterization. Astrophys. J. 834, 187 (2017).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Deming, D. et al. Spitzer secondary eclipses of the dense, modestly-irradiated, big exoplanet HAT-P-20b utilizing pixel-level decorrelation. Astrophys. J. 805, 132 (2015).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Benneke, B. et al. A sub-Neptune exoplanet with a low-metallicity methane-depleted ambiance and Mie-scattering clouds. Nat. Astron. 3, 813–821 (2019).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kreidberg, L. Batman: primary transit mannequin calculation in Python. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 127, 1161 (2015).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Stumpe, M. C. et al. Kepler presearch information conditioning I—structure and algorithms for error correction in Kepler mild curves. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 124, 985 (2012).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Smith, J. C. et al. Kepler presearch information conditioning II—a Bayesian strategy to systematic error correction. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 124, 1000 (2012).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

    See also  Passenger Pigeon Day – Mark Avery

  • Stumpe, M. C. et al. Multiscale systematic error correction through wavelet-based bandsplitting in Kepler information. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 126, 100–114 (2014).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jenkins, J. M. et al. in Software program and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy IV Vol. 9913 (eds Chiozzi, G. & Guzman, J. C.) 1232–1251 (Worldwide Society for Optics; Photonics; SPIE, 2016).

  • Collins, Ok. A., Kielkopf, J. F., Stassun, Ok. G. & Hessman, F. V. ASTROIMAGEJ: picture processing and photometric extraction for ultra-precise astronomical mild curves. Astron. J. 153, 77 (2017).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Parviainen, H. & Aigrain, S. Ldtk: limb darkening toolkit. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 453, 3821–3826 (2015).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Espinoza, N., Kossakowski, D. & Brahm, R. Juliet: a flexible modelling device for transiting and non-transiting exoplanetary methods. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 490, 2262–2283 (2019).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gillon, M. et al. The TRAPPIST survey of southern transiting planets. I. Thirty eclipses of the ultra-short interval planet WASP-43 b. Astron. Astrophys. 542, A4 (2012).

  • Goodman, J. & Weare, J. Ensemble samplers with affine invariance. Commun. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. 5, 65–80 (2010).

    Article 
    MathSciNet 
    MATH 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Eastman, J., Gaudi, B. S. & Agol, E. EXOFAST: a quick exoplanetary becoming suite in IDL. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 125, 83–112 (2013).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lithwick, Y., Xie, J. & Wu, Y. Extracting planet mass and eccentricity from TTV information. Astrophys. J. 761, 122 (2012).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rein, H. & Liu, S.-F. REBOUND: an open-source multi-purpose N-body code for collisional dynamics. Astron. Astrophys. 537, A128 (2012).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rein, H. & Tamayo, D. WHFAST: a quick and unbiased implementation of a symplectic Knowledge-Holman integrator for long-term gravitational simulations. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 452, 376–388 (2015).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jontof-Hutter, D. et al. Safe mass measurements from transit timing: 10 Kepler exoplanets between 3 and eight M with numerous densities and incident fluxes. Astrophys. J. 820, 39 (2016).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tamayo, D., Rein, H., Shi, P. & Hernandez, D. M. REBOUNDx: a library for including conservative and dissipative forces to in any other case symplectic N-body integrations. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 491, 2885–2901 (2020).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Clausen, N. & Tilgner, A. Dissipation in rocky planets for sturdy tidal forcing. Astron. Astrophys. 584, A60 (2015).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Murray, C. D. & Dermott, S. F. Photo voltaic System Dynamics (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000).

  • Piaulet, C. et al. WASP-107b’s density is even decrease: a case research for the physics of planetary gasoline envelope accretion and orbital migration. Astron. J 161, 70 (2021).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tian, F. Atmospheric escape from photo voltaic system terrestrial planets and exoplanets. Ann. Rev. Earth Planetary Sci. 43, 459–476 (2015).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liang, M.-C., Parkinson, C. D., Lee, A. Y.-T., Yung, Y. L. & Seager, S. Supply of atomic hydrogen within the ambiance of HD 209458b. Astrophys. J. Lett. 596, L247–L250 (2003).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lecavelier des Etangs, A., Vidal-Madjar, A., McConnell, J. C. & Hébrard, G. Atmospheric escape from sizzling Jupiters. Astron. Astrophys. 418, L1–L4 (2004).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tian, F., Toon, O. B., Pavlov, A. A. & De Sterck, H. Transonic hydrodynamic escape of hydrogen from extrasolar planetary atmospheres. Astrophys. J. 621, 1049–1060 (2005).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Feinstein, A. D. et al. Flare statistics for younger stars from a convolutional neural community evaluation of TESS information. Astron. J 160, 219 (2020).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Piaulet, C. et al. Proof for the volatile-rich composition of a 1.5-Earth-radius planet. Nat. Astron. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01835-4 (2022).

  • Ribas, I., Guinan, E. F., Güdel, M. & Audard, M. Evolution of the photo voltaic exercise over time and results on planetary atmospheres. I. Excessive-energy irradiances (1-1700 å). Astrophys. J. 622, 680–694 (2005).

    See also  Why a Non-public Tour Could Be Proper For You

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jackson, A. P., Davis, T. A. & Wheatley, P. J. The coronal X-ray-age relation and its implications for the evaporation of exoplanets. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 422, 2024–2043 (2012).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tu, L., Johnstone, C. P., Güdel, M. & Lammer, H. The intense ultraviolet and X-ray Solar in time: high-energy evolutionary tracks of a solar-like star. Astron. Astrophys. 577, L3 (2015).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Güdel, M., Guinan, E. F. & Skinner, S. L. The X-ray solar in time: a research of the long-term evolution of coronae of solar-type stars. Astrophys. J. 483, 947–960 (1997).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Owen, J. E. & Jackson, A. P. Planetary evaporation by UV & X-ray radiation: primary hydrodynamics. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 425, 2931–2947 (2012).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Owen, J. E. & Campos Estrada, B. Testing exoplanet evaporation with multitransiting methods. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 491, 5287–5297 (2020).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ginzburg, S., Schlichting, H. E. & Sari, R. Core-powered mass-loss and the radius distribution of small exoplanets. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 476, 759–765 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Piro, A. L. Exoplanets torqued by the mixed tides of a moon and dad or mum star. Astron. J 156, 54 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Piro, A. L. & Vissapragada, S. Exploring whether or not super-puffs might be defined as ringed exoplanets. Astron. J 159, 131 (2020).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ribas, I. et al. The habitability of Proxima Centauri b—I. Irradiation, rotation and unstable stock from formation to the current. Astron. Astrophys. 596, A111 (2016).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Leconte, J., Wu, H., Menou, Ok. & Murray, N. Asynchronous rotation of Earth-mass planets within the liveable zone of lower-mass stars. Science 347, 632–635 (2015).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fischer, H.-J. & Spohn, T. Thermal-orbital histories of viscoelastic fashions of Io (J1). Icarus 83, 39–65 (1990).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Moore, W. B. Tidal heating and convection in Io. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 5096 (2003).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Henning, W. G., O’Connell, R. J. & Sasselov, D. D. Tidally heated terrestrial exoplanets: viscoelastic response fashions. Astrophys. J. 707, 1000–1015 (2009).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dobos, V. & Turner, E. L. Viscoelastic fashions of tidally heated exomoons. Astrophys. J. 804, 41 (2015).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Barr, A. C., Dobos, V. & Kiss, L. L. Inside buildings and tidal heating within the TRAPPIST-1 planets. Astron. Astrophys. 613, A37 (2018).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Segatz, M., Spohn, T., Ross, M. N. & Schubert, G. Tidal dissipation, floor warmth movement, and determine of viscoelastic fashions of Io. Icarus 75, 187–206 (1988).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Solomatov, V. S. & Moresi, L.-N. Scaling of time-dependent stagnant lid convection: software to small-scale convection on Earth and different terrestrial planets. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 21795–21818 (2000).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Barr, A. C. Cellular lid convection beneath Enceladus’ south polar terrain. J. Geophys. Res. 113, E07009 (2008).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Renner, J., Evans, B. & Hirth, G. On the rheologically vital soften fraction. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 181, 585–594 (2000).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yang, J., Liu, Y., Hu, Y. & Abbot, D. S. Water trapping on tidally locked terrestrial planets requires particular circumstances. Astrophys. J. 796, L22 (2014).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zeng, L., Sasselov, D. D. & Jacobsen, S. B. Mass–radius relation for rocky planets based mostly on PREM. Astrophys. J. 819, 127 (2016).

    Article 
    ADS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • [ad_2]

    RELATED ARTICLES

    Most Popular

    Recent Comments